Quality audits or assessments are the independent evaluation of a company's quality assurance procedures and processes (quality manuals, QA sampling, quality control/SPC), and a determination about whether the company complies with these documents and procedures. Quality audits or assessments can also be used to compare a particular aspect of quality performance to a standard for registration purposes, or for vendor approval (qualification) by an OEM or prime contractor.
Certification services verify that the company's products, parts, services, process, quality system, or procedures comply with or conform to industrial, OEM-specific, or third-party standards.
Companies offer training and consulting related to testing, inspection, test methods or techniques, regulations, regulatory impact, and/or the registration process.
Companies design, install, and/or operate data acquisition systems or test instrumentation in on-site field facilities, off-site labs, or for specific end-use applications.
Companies offer engineering verification, including basic functional testing, parametric measurements, and specification verification. Design verification testing (DVT) is a rigorous process that subjects the product to repeated functional, temperature, shock, vibration, and exception testing.
Evaluation or inspection is the process used to determine if a product, service, component, facility, or quality system meets specific standards, performance criteria, or OEM-specific requirements.
First articles are pre-production or pilot-run samples evaluated to assure conformance to the specified standards, procedures and contract requirements. Contract quality assurance (QA) provider’s sample, inspect, test, or evaluate production samples, sites or facilities, processes or procedures. First article inspection and third-party QA services are often requirements for some medical or aerospace production or government contracts.
Companies provide umpire or proficiency testing services. These evaluations compare the test results of the same sample, which have been tested by different laboratories. Umpire assayers or referee testers compare results from two or more other labs to their own rigorous internal assays or tests. Interlaboratory comparisons, round robins, or proficiency testing services are a valuable continuous improvement tool that translates into improved measurement quality.
Companies provide qualification or commissioning assessments. Large facilities, capital equipment, or production plants may require an external third-party evaluation before the project or facility is accepted.
Research and development (R&D) services perform original investigations (research) to gain new knowledge, and/or apply research findings to create new or significantly improved products or processes (development).
Companies have the capability to reverse engineer or digitize parts or products. Reverse engineering is useful in cases where components or parts for a product or equipment are no longer available commercially, or in cases where drawings and documentation have been lost. The parts can be examined and digitized in order to make part drawings. Then, new replacement or duplicate parts can be fabricated for the system. Reverse engineering may include identification materials and processes as well.
Companies evaluate existing in-service or newly fabricated products through environmental exposure testing. This includes dynamics testing, nondestructive testing (NDT), visual inspection, chemical analysis, structural material testing, or other specialized test methods.
Test panel and sample preparation services simulate the effects of various products (paint, coatings, lubricants, etc.) upon test samples. Generally, these companies are used when it is not feasible to test the effects that items would have on complete products or systems.
Witness capability indicates the supplier, laboratory, or certification authority has to the ability to witness that tests or inspections performed by a manufacturer or second party field comply with the required procedures and standards. Review capability indicates that the supplier, laboratory, or certification authority provides an evaluation of the test afterwards to assure that the tests were done to the required standards.
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Companies provide align shafts, pumps, motors, drives, compressors, components, rotating machines, or equipment. Aligning a new drive or motor's shaft properly to the shaft of a pump or compressor is important in assuring no vibrations will occur. Bearing failure can result when shafts are misaligned. Radial alignment, angular alignment, vertical displacement, and horizontal displacement are adjusted through equipment or component positioning with shims, leveling or chocking compounds, surveying instruments, laser alignment tools, and level & plumb checkers.
Acoustic testing services include the evaluation of the condition of materials, products, and equipment; acoustic analysis of signals from analog or digital recording media or products; and investigation of the effects of noise including ultrasonics and infrasonics, on people, components, materials, or products.
Acoustic emission testing is a nondestructive test (NDT) method for determining or monitoring material or structural integrity based on the release of energy detectable by analysis of the emission frequency and amplitude. Particle impact noise detection (PIND) is used to find loose internal components or debris within a device or product undergoing a simulated vibration or shock test.
Companies balance wheels, shafts, and other rotating machine components. Imbalance in rotary parts can cause severe vibrations leading to equipment damage and unplanned production shutdowns. Dynamic and static methods are used to measure and balance machinery components and systems. The actual balancing of shafts, wheels or parts is accomplished by adjusting the distribution of mass through the addition of weights or milling off of material.
Companies have coordinate measuring machine (CMM) inspection capability for measuring or capturing dimensions, form and geometry data from parts, assemblies, and/or structures.
Condition monitoring and machine maintenance services monitor the condition of machines, processes, and rotary equipment. Condition monitoring and related services include: ferrography or oil analysis (lubricant testing); alignment, position, balance evaluation and correction; and ultrasonic fault detection. Other preventive machine maintenance services perform repairs, part replacement, or lubrication replenishment on a regular basis and/or according to schedule. Condition monitoring and machine maintenance services also perform predictive maintenance (PdM) and/or preventive maintenance (PM) to maintain reliability, avoid loss of life, and prevent unplanned plant or machine shutdowns.
Companies evaluate color or appearance, including: haze, gloss, Hunter color, CIELAB color, or chroma. The acronym CIELAB has several parts. CIE stands for "Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage," an international group of color scientists whose standards make it possible to accurately communicate color information. L describes relative luminance, A represents relative redness-greenness, and B represents relative yellowness-blueness.
Environmental exposure testing services (climatics) measure the effects of environmental exposure from accelerated weathering, abrasion, lighting surges, simulated earthquakes, temperature and humidity, ultraviolet rays, and wind and dust.
Creep testing subjects materials to prolonged constant tension or compression loading at a constant temperature. Deformation is recorded at specified time intervals and a creep vs. time diagram is plotted. The creep rate is the slope of the curve at any point. Failure terminates the creep test and the time of rupture is recorded. Creep recovery may be measured if the specimen does not fracture within the test period. To determine stress relaxation, a specimen is deformed a given amount and decreased in stress over a prolonged period of exposure at a constant temperature is recorded.
Companies gage dimensional parameters or provide metrology services. Gages or metrology instruments used can include micrometers, plug gages, ring gages, universal gages, coordinate measuring machines (CMM), profilometers, optical comparators, laser micrometers, depth gages, height gages, go-no go gages and well as other mechanical, optical, pneumatic, and electronic gages. Gaging may be performed on a new component from a production line, prototypes, or for the reverse engineering of components. These tests can be performed before or after other dynamic or environmental tests.
Dynamics testing services (vibration and shock) evaluate finished products, parts, equipment and components. These tests use shock, sine and random vibration, thermal shock, flow, pressure, or other dynamic test conditions.
Companies offer electrical and electronic testing and inspection services, including: dielectric, conductivity, electrostatic discharge, insulation resistance, resistivity, or high voltage surge.
Companies offer electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing. EMC measures the ability of electrical systems or products to operate without causing electromagnetic interference (EMI) that affects other equipment. EMC also measures resistance to EMI from other equipment or from the environment.
Companies offer ergonomic or usability testing to help design human-machine systems that meet human needs, especially regarding work environments, efficiency, and safety. Often, ergonomics is used synonymously with the term "human factors."
Pressure and flow testing includes pressurized liquid or gas exposure, hydrostatic burst tests, flow tests, and evaluation of thermal (icing) effects on fluid systems. Pressure and flow tests are commonly used to evaluate hydraulic, pneumatic, or gas handling equipment.
Failure analysis is the evaluation of a product and product failure to determine the underlying cause of the failure. Failure analysis results are used to correct design flaws.
Troubleshooting is diagnostic or corrective maintenance performed to correct an existing problem. This differs from preventive maintenance, which is performed proactively in order to prevent system problems. Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a specialized methodology for analyzing failures.
Companies inspect, gage, and determine part or product geometry attributes such as roundness, straightness, flatness, waviness, squareness, warp, bow, concentricity, or other form parameters.
Companies perform testing with automated test equipment (ATE). Functional testing simulates operating environments and tests printed circuit boards (PCBs) against their functional specifications.
Oil analysis and fluids testing encompasses the evaluation of oils, fuels, lubricants, coolants, greases, EDM fluids, transformer insulating oils, and other industrial fluids using a variety of tests. Testing can include ferrography, viscosity (stokes or kinematic), elemental analysis, spectroscopy (FT-IR, GC-MS), crackle, oxidation, foam, determination of drop point, % sediment, particle count, dielectric strength, specific gravity, surface tension, water content, pour point, cloud point, and other specific fluid properties effecting machine performance or equipment operation.
Ferrography is the separation and analysis of metallic (ferrous or ferromagnetic) wear particles from a lubricant or fluid. Ferrography or wear particle analysis is used to monitor lubricant or machine condition.
Companies offer a variety of optical tests, including tests for haze and transmission. Haze is caused by the scattering of light within a material and can be affected by molecular structure, degree of crystallinity, or impurities at the surface or interior of the polymer. Haze is appropriate only for translucent or transparent materials - not for opaque ones. Sometimes, haze is considered to be the opposite of gloss, the absorption of an incident beam. Note, however, that the haze test actually measures absorption, transmittance, and deviation of a direct beam by a translucent material.
Companies test physical properties such as burst strength, cut and puncture resistance, life cycle and durability, pneumatics, and hydraulics, Rockwell hardness, tensile strength, and elongation.
Testing for thermal properties or characteristics includes conductive heat resistance, radiant protective performance (RPP), thermal conductivity, heat capacity, thermal protection, or insulation properties using thermal exposure simulation, icing, and high temperature exposure or other thermal tests.
Reliability or robustness measures a system's invulnerability to potentially corrupting influences. This testing is especially important when components in a system fail.
Companies that provide restrictive or hazardous substance testing identify or test for restricted, toxic, or hazardous substances within products or processes. Recyclability analysis is the determination of the ability of a part or a product's components to be recycled, reprocessed, or reclaimed. If a product or part contains high levels of toxic or hazardous substances, then this may affect and reduce recyclability.
Companies have the ability to perform risk assessment studies to determine qualitative or quantitative value of a particular action. Risk assessments take into account the size of potential loss as well as likeliness of occurrence. Risk assessment can be related to safety and health (environmental, public, workplace, etc.) of a part, product, facility or plant, process, equipment, or service.
There are two types of electrical safety tests: type tests and routine production tests. Type tests are performed during the approvals process by test houses. Routine production tests are performed at each end of the production line by the manufacturer.
Companies provide spectral measurement, spectroradiometric testing, and calibration services. Suppliers can measure the spectral radiance of a light source and/or compare a spectral source to a standard source. Reference sources can include lamp standards (tungsten, halogen, arc, etc.) and integrating sphere standards. Spectral measurement services determine a material's spectral light transmission characteristics, a detector's spectral response, a mirror's specular reflectance, and a light source's spectral output (source spectral analysis, peak or dominant wavelength).
Companies test the effectiveness of disinfectants, sterilizers, or sanitization processes or equipment determine how well potable water, waste, waste water, packages, devices, parts, or products have been sterilized or treated.
Companies offer conventional stress screening, which uses vibration or dynamic and thermal stress to verify the suitability of production products or components. Highly accelerated stress screening (HASS) uses higher climatic and mechanical stimuli to provide shorter test times compared to conventional stress testing.
Companies measure or assess surface profile or metrology parameters such as roughness, surface profiles, roughness, waviness, peak count, peak height, bearing area, bearing ratio, and other finish parameters.
Companies use thermal imaging, thermography, or infrared cameras to inspect and identify hot spots, heat leakage or overheating components in buildings and equipment. Thermography can identify overheating in circuit breakers or load centers, and damaged or worn bearings. Thermal imaging is used to locate faulty or missing insulation or refractories around furnaces, ovens, building walls or heating ducts, steam lines, and other thermal processing equipment.
Companies expose products or components to simulated solar radiation or weathering. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can damage certain plastic materials and coatings.
Companies offer wind tunnel or aerodynamics testing services. Wind tunnel testing services provide test facilities and technical staff for aerodynamic testing. Tests may be performed on prototype aircraft, helicopters, trains, cars, or buildings. Wind tunnel testing services also perform general research and development (R&D) involving aerodynamics and aeromechanics. A wind tunnel is a tube-shaped or tunnel-like chamber that contains a test platform and a large fan. The fan blows a steady stream of air through the chamber in order to determine the effects of wind pressure on the test object, which remains fixed to the platform. Aerodynamics, the study of how air flows around an object, enables wind tunnel testing services to predict the effects of lift, drag, weight, and thrust. Lift is a measure of the aerodynamic force on an object perpendicular to the direction of the air flow. Drag is the aerodynamic force parallel to the relative airflow. Weight is the force due to gravity. Thrust is the forced generated by an object, such as an engine, under test.
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Accelerated testing and screening includes highly accelerated life testing (HALT) and highly accelerated stress screening (HASS). The results from HALT testing are used to set test limits for production screening or HASS tests. The operating and/or destruct limits derived from HALT testing allows the use of higher climatic and mechanical stimuli, resulting in shorter test times in HASS compared to conventional stress testing. HALT is a process developed to uncover design defects and weaknesses in electronic and mechanical assemblies using vibration testing, combined with rapid high and low temperature changes. HALT addresses reliability issues at an early stage in product development, offering significant advantages over traditional techniques.
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Companies evaluate and provide testing, inspection, or related services for facilities or buildings, building systems, construction projects and structures.
Companies evaluate and provide testing or related services for test panels; samples taken from a part, product, or facility; or fabricated simulations of a product sub-system.
Companies evaluate and provide testing, inspection, or related services for large machinery, plant product systems, and capital equipment such as paper mill machines, rolling mills, extruders, semiconductor fab tools, and other critical production equipment.
Companies provide testing or related services at an unlisted or specialized level or form factor.
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Companies evaluated alternative or renewable energy products such as fuel cells, photovoltaics or PV cells, solar power systems, wind turbines, hydro turbines, and flywheel power systems.
Companies test energy storage products such as batteries, battery parts, fuel cells, flywheels, supercapacitors, hydrogen storage systems, ultracapacitors and other emerging energy storage systems.
Companies test or validate drugs or pharmaceutical products. This includes the testing of commercial and industrial pharmaceutical equipment for production, encapsulation, and packaging.
Companies test electrical power distribution parts and products such as circuit breakers, busbars, switch gears, electrical boxes or enclosures, panel boards, power cords, plugs, and receptacles.
Companies tests food or beverage products. This includes the testing of commercial and industrial food equipment for preparation, cooking and refrigeration, and food or beverage products.
Companies test fuel, gas & oil equipment or related products. Testing ranges from energy content analysis for fuels to safety testing for fuel, gas and oil distribution equipment. The fuel, gas and oil handling products include devices designed to withstand explosions and exposure to fumes and radiation.
Companies test equipment or products designed for use in locations where hazardous situations are expected. These products include devices designed to withstand explosions and exposure to fumes and radiation.
Companies provide examinations, investigations, testing, forensic analysis, and/or expert witness or testimony services for legal or litigation applications.
Companies tests or evaluates the safety, energy efficiency, and performance of transformers, DC to AC inverters, DC adapters, power supplies or other energy conversion devices.
Microelectronics or semiconductor testing includes the evaluation of semiconductor wafers, packaged dies, or integrated circuits (ICs). Electronics testing includes the evaluation of electronic assemblies, passive devices, printed circuit boards (PCBs), power electronics modules, commercial audio/visual (AV) devices, and other specialty electronic products.
Companies tests or evaluates safety or personal protective equipment (PPE) components, parts, equipment, products, or systems. PPE includes safety gloves, clothing, helmets, face shield, eyewear, and ear protection.
Semiconductor, microelectronic, and IC package testing includes testing at the wafer, die, or packaged IC level. Semiconductor and IC package testing services may provide wafer sort and packaging services in addition to component evaluation. In the packaging process, fabricated wafers are cut into dies and then "packaged" in a lead frame or other system, which protects the chip and allows interconnection to the electronic circuit on the PCB, module, or product.
Wafer sort is wafer-level testing where the individual dies are tested for defects and then marked before the packaging process. Defective dies are rejected, which avoids unnecessary packaging costs. After the packaging and interconnect is complete, the packaged device may be put through additional functional or burn-in testing; this is often done using automated test equipment (ATE).
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The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) establishes standards for protective equipment. ASTM-certified means the product complies with certain design specifications for safety.
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) CB Scheme is an international system for the acceptance of test reports regarding the safety of electrical and electronic products. Manufacturers with a CB test report issued by a participating organization can obtain certification in all other member countries of the CB Scheme. Each certifying agency issues CB test certificates to attest that product samples have successfully passed the appropriate tests.
CCC stands for China Compulsory Certification and requires manufacturers in 132 product categories to obtain the CCC Mark before exporting to or selling in the Chinese market. The CCC Mark became effective on May 1, 2002. The two previous systems (CCIB and CCEE or Great Wall) caused a great deal of inconvenience for enterprises dealing in both domestic and foreign trade by carrying different national quality standards.
The European community requires CE marks for all electric and electronic equipment that will be sold, or put into service for the first time anywhere in Europe.
The International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR) prepares standards for the higher end of the frequency range, from 9 kHz upward. These standards protect radio reception from interference sources such as electrical appliances of all types; the electricity supply system; industrial, scientific and electro-medical RF; broadcasting receivers (sound and TV) and IT equipment (ITE).
Products that bear a CSA Mark have been tested by the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) and meet applicable standards for safety and/or performance. These standards are written and administered by organizations such as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), Underwriters Laboratories (UL), and CSA International. CSA Marks may appear alone or with indicators. CSA Marks that appear alone are used with products certified primarily for the Canadian market, to the applicable Canadian standards. CSA Marks that appear with the indicators “C” and “US” or “NRTL/C” is used with products certified for both the U.S. and Canadian markets, to the applicable U.S. and Canadian standards.
C-Tick is a certification trademark registered to the Australian Communications Authority (ACA) under the Trade Marks Act of 1995, and to the Radio Spectrum Management Group (RSM) in New Zealand under Section 47 of the New Zealand Trade Marks Act. C-Tick marks must be used in accordance with governing regulations and are therefore issued only to suppliers based in Australia or New Zealand. C-Tick labels are expected to be durable and limited in size, scale, and color according to regulation.
Under rules and regulations, Title 47, Part 15 Subpart B, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates all commercial electronic devices destined for sale in the United States that have clocks / oscillators that operate at a frequency greater than 9 kHz, and that use digital techniques. This includes most products that employ microprocessors, as well as RF devices.
Suppliers provide evaluations based on U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards, protocols and/or Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) or Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP). This does not mean the products have FDA approval.
The Gost R certification system was established in 2004 by the Russian Federation government for to provide national standards and requirements for the accreditation of certification bodies of products or quality systems; and testing and calibrating laboratories.
The GS Mark (Geprüfte Sicherheit, meaning Safety Tested) indicates that an electrical, mechanical, or electro-mechanical product was tested and complies with the minimum requirements of the German Equipment and Product Safety Act (GPSG). The GS Mark is a licensed mark of the German government and may only be issued by an accredited product safety testing and certification agency.
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a global organization that prepares and publishes international standards for all electrical, electronic, and related technologies. IEC is the European organizational equivalent to UL.
The Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial (InMetro) or the National Institute of Metrology, Standardization and Industrial Quality establish measurement and quality standards in Brazil. Within Brazil, Inmetro is responsible for the activities of accreditation of certification bodies, inspection bodies, product performance verification bodies and training bodies, and for the activities of accreditation of testing and calibration laboratories.
The International State Transit Association (ISTA) offers performance testing relative to packaged-product distribution. Transport packaging tested in an ISTA Certified Laboratory may be certified as Transit Tested.
NOM standards are the official Mexican product safety requirements. Electrical, electronic, medical, wireless, and telecom products sold in Mexico must be tested to the mandatory NOM standards by an accredited Mexican laboratory. Testing may be conducted by a laboratory outside of Mexico if it has a laboratory-to-laboratory mutual recognition agreement with an accredited Mexican laboratory, or by an accredited lab in a country free-trade agreement with Mexico.
The PSE Mark is a mandatory mark required on Electrical Appliances in Japan as authorized by the Electrical Appliance and Material Safety Law (DENAN). The Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) administers the PSE Mark system. Products regulated are categorized as Specified Products (SPs) or Non-Specified Products (NPSs) according to the DENAN law. Specified Products (PSs) should meet compliance standards, and be certified by a METI accredited Conformity Assessment Body. Non-Specified Products (NPSs) should meet compliance standards, but do have to be certified by a METI accredited Conformity Assessment Body.
Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) is a European Union (EU) directive that requires all manufacturers of electronic and electrical equipment sold in Europe to demonstrate that their products contain only minimal levels of the following hazardous substances: lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyl, and polybrominated diphenyl ether. RoHS became effective on July 1, 2006.
The S Mark is a European safety mark valid throughout the EU and a recognized symbol of safety since 1926. The S Mark is a symbol of electrical safety and evidence to authorities that an independent body has independently tested and certified a product’s compliance to applicable European safety requirements.
Telecordia / Bellcore provide mathematical reliability models for most types of electrical and electronic components. These reliability models are based on component parameters such as number of transistors, power dissipation, and environmental factors.
The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) establishes standards to ensure the quality of medicines for human and veterinary use. USP also develops authoritative information about the appropriate use of medicines.
Suppliers certify or test to UL, ETL, CSA or other NRTL standards required to obtain an NRTL Mark. The laboratory can issue an NRTL mark if the laboratory is part of an NRTL or is an authorized agent of an NRTL. NRTLs use their specific “marks” (e.g., UL, S Mark, CSA, etc.) to certify products. NRTLs publish standards that other laboratories use to test and qualify products to.
The National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) is accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the Raad voor Accreditatie (RvA) for the following product certification programs: food equipment, drinking water additives, plastics and plumbing products, drinking water treatment systems, biohazard cabinetry, swimming pools, spas and hot tubs, bottled water and packaged ice, and water treatment units. Companies with NSF-certified products under an ANSI or RvA accredited program may use NSF Accreditation Marks in combination with the NSF Mark.
VCCI is the regulation of interference generated by computing devices. This is well established in Japan; however, its implementation differs from that in other countries. Emissions control is performed on a voluntary basis, under the supervision of the Voluntary Control Council for Interference (VCCI) by Information Technology Equipment.
Waste Electrical and Electronics Equipment (WEEE) is a European Union (EU) directive that is designed to encourage the reuse, recycling, and recovery of electrical and electronic equipment. It also makes producers responsible for financing these activities. For their part, retailers and distributors must provide a way for consumers to return used or obsolete equipment without charge. WEEE became effective on August 1, 2005.
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A2LA is the American Association for Laboratory Accreditation. A2LA accreditation is defined as formal recognition of an organization's technical competency to perform specific tests, types of tests, or calibrations.
The general requirements for laboratory accreditation are contained in ISO / IEC 17025. This standard contains quality system requirements and technical requirements that the laboratories must meet. Laboratory accreditation requirements go beyond just ISO / IEC 17025.
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) functions as the administrator and coordinator of the United States' private-sector voluntary standardization system, including nearly 1000 company, organization, government agency, institutional, and international members. Standards information, conformity assessment, a reference library, and other services are available here.
Laboratories that are accredited by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) participate in one or more of ASTM's Interlaboratory Crosscheck and Proficiency Testing Programs, or are assessed according to applicable ASTM standards or guides such as the E1580-93(2002) Standard Guide for Surveillance of Accredited Laboratories. Assessing bodies and not ASTM make the actual conformity to ASTM standard guides.
Laboratories that are accredited or accepted by the China Accreditation Committee for Laboratories (CNAL) test products such as home appliances, luminaries, power tools, power supplies, switches and chargers.
Under Rules and Regulations, Title 47, Part 15 Subpart B, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates all commercial electronic devices (unintentional radio-frequency radiators) destined for sale in the United States that have clocks / oscillators that operate at a frequency greater than 9 kHz and that use digital techniques. This includes most products that employ microprocessors, as well as RF devices.
Laboratory or facility is in compliance with Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) or current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) and is Food and Drug Administration (FDA) registered.
Laboratories are accredited or approved by the International Electrotechnical Commission of Electrical Equipment (IECEE) to test electrical or electronic products.
The Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial (InMetro) or the National Institute of Metrology, Standardization and Industrial Quality establish measurement and quality standards in Brazil. Within Brazil, Inmetro is responsible for the activities of accreditation of certification bodies, inspection bodies, product performance verification bodies and training bodies, and for the activities of accreditation of testing and calibration laboratories.
ASME International formed the Codes and Standards Technology Institute (CSTI) in November 2001 to ensure that ASME standards committees have continuing sources of research in the technologies that they cover. CSTI provides the research and technology development needed to establish and maintain the technical relevance of codes and standards.
ISO 9001: 2000 sets out the requirements for a company's quality management systems. These standards range from manufacturing to services including design and development, production, installation and servicing. ISO 9001: 2000 standard have replaced the 1994 ISO 9000 standards.
ISO 17020 outlines the general requirements for the competence of inspection services providers, inspection bodies or inspectors. Inspection companies or qualified inspectors examine products, parts, equipment, services, installations, repairs and facilities to assure quality, consistency, condition and conformance to required standards and/or procedures.
The Japanese Accreditation Board (JAB) for conformity assessment was established in 1993 by Keidanren (Japan Federation of Economic Organizations). JAB developed and established third party conformity assessment schemes in Japan. JAB provides accreditation programs for testing and inspection bodies, certification bodies, training bodies and medical laboratories.
Laboratories are accredited as certifying bodies by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) to test products. METI accreditation allows a laboratory to perform EMC and safety testing necessary to obtain the mandatory S Mark certification for products sold in Japan. The new standards have been in place since August 2004 for Electrical Appliances and Materials, as defined under the DENAN Law, for products manufactured in or imported to Japan.
Notified or competent body accreditation indicates laboratories that are recognized for meeting the product testing requirements according to SWEDAC, EN, ISO, ISO/IEC or other European organizations or standards bodies.
Laboratory is an NRTL (recognized by OSHA, etc.) or agent or representative laboratory of an NRTL (qualified by the NRTL to perform tests). NRTL stands for Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory recognition. A part of OSHA’s Directorate of Science, Technology, and Medicine. The Program recognizes private sector organizations as NRTLs, and recognition signifies that an organization has met the necessary qualifications specified in the regulations for the Program. The NRTL determines that specific equipment and materials ("products") meet consensus-based standards of safety to provide the assurance, required by OSHA, that these products are safe for use in the U.S. workplace.
Raad voor Accreditatie (RvA) is the Dutch Accreditation Council. The RvA is the only accreditation body in the Netherlands that works in the public field. RvA provides accreditation programs for testing, calibration, inspection and laboratories as well as registrars or certification bodies.
The United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS) is the sole national accreditation body recognized by government of the United Kingdom to assess, against internationally agreed standards, organizations or bodies that provide quality system registration, certification, testing, inspection, calibration and proficiency testing.
Laboratories that are accredited or accepted by the VCCI test IT and telecommunications equipment to voluntary guidelines for emissions. The regulation of interference generated by computing devices is well established in Japan, but its implementation differs somewhat from that in other countries. Emissions control is performed on a voluntary basis, under the supervision of the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Information Technology Equipment (VCCI).
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