Suppliers provide testing, inspection or related services for facilities, systems and large capital equipment including organizations that evaluate, audit and/or register companies on facility or system wide basis such as ISO registration, process quality audits, health & safety assessment, and management systems evaluation. Also, suppliers that certify, commission or qualify for operation large capital equipment or systems such a power systems, ships or process equipment.
Companies evaluate quality and management systems by inspecting the quality manuals, documented processes, and procedures used to fabricate products in a controlled manner. Typically, quality management systems are designed to conform to specific industrial standards or industrial segment standards such as: AS 9100 - Aerospace Quality Management Systems, ISO 13485/8 - Medical Quality Systems, IISO 14001 - Environmental Management Systems, ISO 9001 - General Quality Systems, ISO/TS 16949 - Automotive (International) Quality Management Systems, OHSAS 18001 - Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems, QS-9000 - Automotive (U.S.) Quality Management Systems, TL 9000 - Telecommunications Quality Systems, RC 14001 - Responsible Chemical Care , and SA 8000 - Social Accountability Programs.
Companies evaluate and provide testing or related services for test panels; samples taken from a part, product, or facility; or fabricated simulations of a product sub-system.
Companies evaluate, assess, and/or monitor services; they also inspect, test, or certify the end results. These inspection services may evaluate companies that provide cleaning, equipment installation, repair or remanufacturing, surface preparation, or testing services. They may also evaluate and/or monitor internal procedures and production processes used within a manufacturing plant.
Companies provide testing or related services at an unlisted or specialized level or form factor.
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Quality audits or assessments are the independent evaluation of a company's quality assurance procedures and processes (quality manuals, QA sampling, quality control/SPC), and a determination about whether the company complies with these documents and procedures. Quality audits or assessments can also be used to compare a particular aspect of quality performance to a standard for registration purposes, or for vendor approval (qualification) by an OEM or prime contractor.
Certification services verify that the company's products, parts, services, process, quality system, or procedures comply with or conform to industrial, OEM-specific, or third-party standards.
Companies offer training and consulting related to testing, inspection, test methods or techniques, regulations, regulatory impact, and/or the registration process.
Companies provide qualification or commissioning assessments. Large facilities, capital equipment, or production plants may require an external third-party evaluation before the project or facility is accepted.
Companies offer initial evaluations prior to the final qualifying assessment required for formal certification or registration. The supplier may also provide a gap analysis identifying the areas and corrective actions that need to be taken to achieve compliance or attain certification.
Companies assist in the development of a quality management system, quality manuals, process control procedures, process documentation, QA documents, process control, SPC guidelines, and/or establishment of a plan for certification or registration.
Companies have the authority or accreditations to register that a client's quality management system meets the required industrial standards or qualifications.
Companies evaluate existing in-service or newly fabricated products through environmental exposure testing. This includes dynamics testing, nondestructive testing (NDT), visual inspection, chemical analysis, structural material testing, or other specialized test methods.
Witness capability indicates the supplier, laboratory, or certification authority has to the ability to witness that tests or inspections performed by a manufacturer or second party field comply with the required procedures and standards. Review capability indicates that the supplier, laboratory, or certification authority provides an evaluation of the test afterwards to assure that the tests were done to the required standards.
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Companies offer a variety of optical tests, including tests for haze and transmission. Haze is caused by the scattering of light within a material and can be affected by molecular structure, degree of crystallinity, or impurities at the surface or interior of the polymer. Haze is appropriate only for translucent or transparent materials - not for opaque ones. Sometimes, haze is considered to be the opposite of gloss, the absorption of an incident beam. Note, however, that the haze test actually measures absorption, transmittance, and deviation of a direct beam by a translucent material.
Companies test physical properties such as burst strength, cut and puncture resistance, life cycle and durability, pneumatics, and hydraulics, Rockwell hardness, tensile strength, and elongation.
Testing for thermal properties or characteristics includes conductive heat resistance, radiant protective performance (RPP), thermal conductivity, heat capacity, thermal protection, or insulation properties using thermal exposure simulation, icing, and high temperature exposure or other thermal tests.
Reliability or robustness measures a system's invulnerability to potentially corrupting influences. This testing is especially important when components in a system fail.
Companies that provide restrictive or hazardous substance testing identify or test for restricted, toxic, or hazardous substances within products or processes. Recyclability analysis is the determination of the ability of a part or a product's components to be recycled, reprocessed, or reclaimed. If a product or part contains high levels of toxic or hazardous substances, then this may affect and reduce recyclability.
There are two types of electrical safety tests: type tests and routine production tests. Type tests are performed during the approvals process by test houses. Routine production tests are performed at each end of the production line by the manufacturer.
Companies offer conventional stress screening, which uses vibration or dynamic and thermal stress to verify the suitability of production products or components. Highly accelerated stress screening (HASS) uses higher climatic and mechanical stimuli to provide shorter test times compared to conventional stress testing.
Companies evaluate color or appearance, including: haze, gloss, Hunter color, CIELAB color, or chroma. The acronym CIELAB has several parts. CIE stands for "Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage," an international group of color scientists whose standards make it possible to accurately communicate color information. L describes relative luminance, A represents relative redness-greenness, and B represents relative yellowness-blueness.
Environmental exposure testing services (climatics) measure the effects of environmental exposure from accelerated weathering, abrasion, lighting surges, simulated earthquakes, temperature and humidity, ultraviolet rays, and wind and dust.
Creep testing subjects materials to prolonged constant tension or compression loading at a constant temperature. Deformation is recorded at specified time intervals and a creep vs. time diagram is plotted. The creep rate is the slope of the curve at any point. Failure terminates the creep test and the time of rupture is recorded. Creep recovery may be measured if the specimen does not fracture within the test period. To determine stress relaxation, a specimen is deformed a given amount and decreased in stress over a prolonged period of exposure at a constant temperature is recorded.
Dynamics testing services (vibration and shock) evaluate finished products, parts, equipment and components. These tests use shock, sine and random vibration, thermal shock, flow, pressure, or other dynamic test conditions.
Companies gage dimensional parameters or provide metrology services. Gages or metrology instruments used can include micrometers, plug gages, ring gages, universal gages, coordinate measuring machines (CMM), profilometers, optical comparators, laser micrometers, depth gages, height gages, go-no go gages and well as other mechanical, optical, pneumatic, and electronic gages. Gaging may be performed on a new component from a production line, prototypes, or for the reverse engineering of components. These tests can be performed before or after other dynamic or environmental tests.
Companies offer electrical and electronic testing and inspection services, including: dielectric, conductivity, electrostatic discharge, insulation resistance, resistivity, or high voltage surge.
Companies offer electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing. EMC measures the ability of electrical systems or products to operate without causing electromagnetic interference (EMI) that affects other equipment. EMC also measures resistance to EMI from other equipment or from the environment.
Companies offer ergonomic or usability testing to help design human-machine systems that meet human needs, especially regarding work environments, efficiency, and safety. Often, ergonomics is used synonymously with the term "human factors."
Pressure and flow testing includes pressurized liquid or gas exposure, hydrostatic burst tests, flow tests, and evaluation of thermal (icing) effects on fluid systems. Pressure and flow tests are commonly used to evaluate hydraulic, pneumatic, or gas handling equipment.
Companies perform testing with automated test equipment (ATE). Functional testing simulates operating environments and tests printed circuit boards (PCBs) against their functional specifications.
Acoustic testing services include the evaluation of the condition of materials, products, and equipment; acoustic analysis of signals from analog or digital recording media or products; and investigation of the effects of noise including ultrasonics and infrasonics, on people, components, materials, or products.
Acoustic emission testing is a nondestructive test (NDT) method for determining or monitoring material or structural integrity based on the release of energy detectable by analysis of the emission frequency and amplitude. Particle impact noise detection (PIND) is used to find loose internal components or debris within a device or product undergoing a simulated vibration or shock test.
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Accelerated testing and screening includes highly accelerated life testing (HALT) and highly accelerated stress screening (HASS). The results from HALT testing are used to set test limits for production screening or HASS tests. The operating and/or destruct limits derived from HALT testing allows the use of higher climatic and mechanical stimuli, resulting in shorter test times in HASS compared to conventional stress testing. HALT is a process developed to uncover design defects and weaknesses in electronic and mechanical assemblies using vibration testing, combined with rapid high and low temperature changes. HALT addresses reliability issues at an early stage in product development, offering significant advantages over traditional techniques.
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Companies test energy storage products such as batteries, battery parts, fuel cells, flywheels, supercapacitors, hydrogen storage systems, ultracapacitors and other emerging energy storage systems.
Companies test or validate drugs or pharmaceutical products. This includes the testing of commercial and industrial pharmaceutical equipment for production, encapsulation, and packaging.
Companies test electrical power distribution parts and products such as circuit breakers, busbars, switch gears, electrical boxes or enclosures, panel boards, power cords, plugs, and receptacles.
Companies tests food or beverage products. This includes the testing of commercial and industrial food equipment for preparation, cooking and refrigeration, and food or beverage products.
Companies test equipment or products designed for use in locations where hazardous situations are expected. These products include devices designed to withstand explosions and exposure to fumes and radiation.
Microelectronics or semiconductor testing includes the evaluation of semiconductor wafers, packaged dies, or integrated circuits (ICs). Electronics testing includes the evaluation of electronic assemblies, passive devices, printed circuit boards (PCBs), power electronics modules, commercial audio/visual (AV) devices, and other specialty electronic products.
Semiconductor, microelectronic, and IC package testing includes testing at the wafer, die, or packaged IC level. Semiconductor and IC package testing services may provide wafer sort and packaging services in addition to component evaluation. In the packaging process, fabricated wafers are cut into dies and then "packaged" in a lead frame or other system, which protects the chip and allows interconnection to the electronic circuit on the PCB, module, or product.
Wafer sort is wafer-level testing where the individual dies are tested for defects and then marked before the packaging process. Defective dies are rejected, which avoids unnecessary packaging costs. After the packaging and interconnect is complete, the packaged device may be put through additional functional or burn-in testing; this is often done using automated test equipment (ATE).
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AS9000 is a set of quality guidelines and requirements published by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) in cooperation with major aerospace manufacturers. AS9000 is based on ISO 900,1 but maintains a particular focus on the aerospace industry.
The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) establishes standards for protective equipment. ASTM-certified means the product complies with certain design specifications for safety.
Under rules and regulations, Title 47, Part 15 Subpart B, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates all commercial electronic devices destined for sale in the United States that have clocks / oscillators that operate at a frequency greater than 9 kHz, and that use digital techniques. This includes most products that employ microprocessors, as well as RF devices.
Suppliers provide evaluations based on U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards, protocols and/or Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) or Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP). This does not mean the products have FDA approval.
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) CB Scheme is an international system for the acceptance of test reports regarding the safety of electrical and electronic products. Manufacturers with a CB test report issued by a participating organization can obtain certification in all other member countries of the CB Scheme. Each certifying agency issues CB test certificates to attest that product samples have successfully passed the appropriate tests.
CCC stands for China Compulsory Certification and requires manufacturers in 132 product categories to obtain the CCC Mark before exporting to or selling in the Chinese market. The CCC Mark became effective on May 1, 2002. The two previous systems (CCIB and CCEE or Great Wall) caused a great deal of inconvenience for enterprises dealing in both domestic and foreign trade by carrying different national quality standards.
The European community requires CE marks for all electric and electronic equipment that will be sold, or put into service for the first time anywhere in Europe.
The International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR) prepares standards for the higher end of the frequency range, from 9 kHz upward. These standards protect radio reception from interference sources such as electrical appliances of all types; the electricity supply system; industrial, scientific and electro-medical RF; broadcasting receivers (sound and TV) and IT equipment (ITE).
Products that bear a CSA Mark have been tested by the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) and meet applicable standards for safety and/or performance. These standards are written and administered by organizations such as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), Underwriters Laboratories (UL), and CSA International. CSA Marks may appear alone or with indicators. CSA Marks that appear alone are used with products certified primarily for the Canadian market, to the applicable Canadian standards. CSA Marks that appear with the indicators “C” and “US” or “NRTL/C” is used with products certified for both the U.S. and Canadian markets, to the applicable U.S. and Canadian standards.
C-Tick is a certification trademark registered to the Australian Communications Authority (ACA) under the Trade Marks Act of 1995, and to the Radio Spectrum Management Group (RSM) in New Zealand under Section 47 of the New Zealand Trade Marks Act. C-Tick marks must be used in accordance with governing regulations and are therefore issued only to suppliers based in Australia or New Zealand. C-Tick labels are expected to be durable and limited in size, scale, and color according to regulation.
The Gost R certification system was established in 2004 by the Russian Federation government for to provide national standards and requirements for the accreditation of certification bodies of products or quality systems; and testing and calibrating laboratories.
The GS Mark (Geprüfte Sicherheit, meaning Safety Tested) indicates that an electrical, mechanical, or electro-mechanical product was tested and complies with the minimum requirements of the German Equipment and Product Safety Act (GPSG). The GS Mark is a licensed mark of the German government and may only be issued by an accredited product safety testing and certification agency.
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a global organization that prepares and publishes international standards for all electrical, electronic, and related technologies. IEC is the European organizational equivalent to UL.
The Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial (InMetro) or the National Institute of Metrology, Standardization and Industrial Quality establish measurement and quality standards in Brazil. Within Brazil, Inmetro is responsible for the activities of accreditation of certification bodies, inspection bodies, product performance verification bodies and training bodies, and for the activities of accreditation of testing and calibration laboratories.
ISO 9001: 2000 sets out the requirements for a company's quality management systems. These standards range from manufacturing to services including design and development, production, installation, and servicing. ISO 9001: 2000 standard have replaced the 1994 ISO 9000 standards.
ISO 13485/8 outlines the general requirements for quality management systems for medical device suppliers and related services. ISO 13485/8 provides requirements for design, development, production, installation, and servicing of medical devices.
ISO 14001 provides an internationally recognized framework for environmental management, measurement, evaluation, and auditing. ISO 14001 does not prescribe environmental performance targets, but provides organizations with the tools to assess and control the impact of their activities, products or services, on the environment.
The term "ISO 14000" refers to a family of standards: ISO 14000:1996, ISO 14001:1996, and ISO 14004:1996. ISO 14000:1996 contains vocabulary and definitions. ISO 14001:1996 contains the actual requirements with which an organization needs to comply in order to become certified. ISO 14004:1996 contains guidelines for the development and implementation of environmental management systems and principles.
ISO/TS 16949:2002 is an ISO Technical Specification that aligns existing American (QS-9000), German (VDA6.1), French (EAQF), and Italian (AVSQ) automotive quality systems standards for the global automotive industry.
ISO 17020 outlines the general requirements for the competence of inspection services providers, inspection bodies, or inspectors. Inspection companies or qualified inspectors examine products, parts, equipment, services, installations, repairs, and facilities to assure quality and conformity to required standards and/or procedures.
The International State Transit Association (ISTA) offers performance testing relative to packaged-product distribution. Transport packaging tested in an ISTA Certified Laboratory may be certified as Transit Tested.
NOM standards are the official Mexican product safety requirements. Electrical, electronic, medical, wireless, and telecom products sold in Mexico must be tested to the mandatory NOM standards by an accredited Mexican laboratory. Testing may be conducted by a laboratory outside of Mexico if it has a laboratory-to-laboratory mutual recognition agreement with an accredited Mexican laboratory, or by an accredited lab in a country free-trade agreement with Mexico.
Suppliers certify or test to UL, ETL, CSA or other NRTL standards required to obtain an NRTL Mark. The laboratory can issue an NRTL mark if the laboratory is part of an NRTL or is an authorized agent of an NRTL. NRTLs use their specific “marks” (e.g., UL, S Mark, CSA, etc.) to certify products. NRTLs publish standards that other laboratories use to test and qualify products to.
The National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) is accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the Raad voor Accreditatie (RvA) for the following product certification programs: food equipment, drinking water additives, plastics and plumbing products, drinking water treatment systems, biohazard cabinetry, swimming pools, spas and hot tubs, bottled water and packaged ice, and water treatment units. Companies with NSF-certified products under an ANSI or RvA accredited program may use NSF Accreditation Marks in combination with the NSF Mark.
OHSAS 18001 is the Occupational Health and Safety Assessment System standard developed by a number of countries to address health and safety issues. OHSAS 18001 is loosely based on the ISO 14001:1996 Environmental Management System standard, although OHSAS 18001 is not an ISO standard.
The PSE Mark is a mandatory mark required on Electrical Appliances in Japan as authorized by the Electrical Appliance and Material Safety Law (DENAN). The Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) administers the PSE Mark system. Products regulated are categorized as Specified Products (SPs) or Non-Specified Products (NPSs) according to the DENAN law. Specified Products (PSs) should meet compliance standards, and be certified by a METI accredited Conformity Assessment Body. Non-Specified Products (NPSs) should meet compliance standards, but do have to be certified by a METI accredited Conformity Assessment Body.
QS-9000 is a quality standard for suppliers of DaimlerChrysler Corporation, Ford Motor Company, and General Motors Corporation. QS-9000 is based on the 1994 edition of ISO 9001, but contains additional requirements that are particular to the automotive industry. Specifically, QS-9000 applies to suppliers of production materials, production and service parts, heat treating, painting and plating, and other finishing services.
The American Chemistry Council (ACC) established the RC 14001 as a technical specification for responsible care programs or management systems for both environmental and health and safety. The RC 14000 specification incorporates all ISO 14001 standard requirements. Key aspects of RC 14000 compliant systems include community outreach and distribution.
Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) is a European Union (EU) directive that requires all manufacturers of electronic and electrical equipment sold in Europe to demonstrate that their products contain only minimal levels of the following hazardous substances: lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyl, and polybrominated diphenyl ether. RoHS became effective on July 1, 2006.
SA8000, an international standard for assessing the social accountability of companies, outlines audit requirements to evaluate workplace conditions. The workplace conditions are inspected for child labor, forced labor, health and safety, freedom of association, discrimination, disciplinary practices, working hours, compensation, and management’s responsibility to maintain and improve working conditions.
SA8000 is not an ISO-series standard. UL is not accredited to perform certification assessments to SA8000; non-certification assessments to the requirements of SA8000 may be performed though CITS.
The S Mark is a European safety mark valid throughout the EU and a recognized symbol of safety since 1926. The S Mark is a symbol of electrical safety and evidence to authorities that an independent body has independently tested and certified a product’s compliance to applicable European safety requirements.
Telecordia / Bellcore provide mathematical reliability models for most types of electrical and electronic components. These reliability models are based on component parameters such as number of transistors, power dissipation, and environmental factors.
TL 9000 provides quality system requirements for telecommunications hardware, software, and services providers. The QuEST forum (The Quality Excellence for Suppliers of Telecommunications Leadership) was originally developed the TL 9000 requirements using ISO 9000 as a baseline.
The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) establishes standards to ensure the quality of medicines for human and veterinary use. USP also develops authoritative information about the appropriate use of medicines.
VCCI is the regulation of interference generated by computing devices. This is well established in Japan; however, its implementation differs from that in other countries. Emissions control is performed on a voluntary basis, under the supervision of the Voluntary Control Council for Interference (VCCI) by Information Technology Equipment.
Waste Electrical and Electronics Equipment (WEEE) is a European Union (EU) directive that is designed to encourage the reuse, recycling, and recovery of electrical and electronic equipment. It also makes producers responsible for financing these activities. For their part, retailers and distributors must provide a way for consumers to return used or obsolete equipment without charge. WEEE became effective on August 1, 2005.
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A2LA is the American Association for Laboratory Accreditation. A2LA accreditation is defined as formal recognition of an organization's technical competency to perform specific tests, types of tests, or calibrations.
The general requirements for laboratory accreditation are contained in ISO / IEC 17025. This standard contains quality system requirements and technical requirements that the laboratories must meet. Laboratory accreditation requirements go beyond just ISO / IEC 17025.
The ANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board (ANAB) is the U.S. accreditation body for management system registrars or Certification Bodies (CBs).
ANAB's website states, "The ANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board (ANAB) was established January 1, 2005. Previously, the accreditation activities of ANAB were operated by the ANSI-RAB National Accreditation Program (NAP) under a partnership agreement. ANAB had it roots in the Registrar Accreditation Board (RAB), which was established in 1989 by the American Society for Quality (ASQ). RAB's original mission was to provide accreditation services for ISO 9000 certification bodies (CBs). When RAB was created, it immediately sought to strengthen the U.S. system for CB accreditation by pursuing a formal relationship with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). In 1991, ANSI and RAB joined forces to establish the American National Accreditation Program for Registrars of Quality Systems. In 1996, with the release of the ISO 14000 standards, the ANSI-RAB NAP was formed, replacing the original joint program. ANAB is a member of the International Accreditation Forum and a signatory of the IAF multilateral cooperative arrangements (MLAs) for QMS and EMS."
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) functions as the administrator and coordinator of the United States' private-sector voluntary standardization system, including nearly 1000 company, organization, government agency, institutional, and international members. Standards information, conformity assessment, a reference library, and other services are available here.
ASME International formed the Codes and Standards Technology Institute (CSTI) in November 2001 to ensure that ASME standards committees have continuing sources of research in the technologies that they cover. CSTI provides the research and technology development needed to establish and maintain the technical relevance of codes and standards.
Laboratories that are accredited by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) participate in one or more of ASTM's Interlaboratory Crosscheck and Proficiency Testing Programs, or are assessed according to applicable ASTM standards or guides such as the E1580-93(2002) Standard Guide for Surveillance of Accredited Laboratories. Assessing bodies and not ASTM make the actual conformity to ASTM standard guides.
Laboratories that are accredited or accepted by the China Accreditation Committee for Laboratories (CNAL) test products such as home appliances, luminaries, power tools, power supplies, switches and chargers.
Under Rules and Regulations, Title 47, Part 15 Subpart B, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates all commercial electronic devices (unintentional radio-frequency radiators) destined for sale in the United States that have clocks / oscillators that operate at a frequency greater than 9 kHz and that use digital techniques. This includes most products that employ microprocessors, as well as RF devices.
Laboratory or facility is in compliance with Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) or current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) and is Food and Drug Administration (FDA) registered.
Laboratories are accredited or approved by the International Electrotechnical Commission of Electrical Equipment (IECEE) to test electrical or electronic products.
The Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial (InMetro) or the National Institute of Metrology, Standardization and Industrial Quality establish measurement and quality standards in Brazil. Within Brazil, Inmetro is responsible for the activities of accreditation of certification bodies, inspection bodies, product performance verification bodies and training bodies, and for the activities of accreditation of testing and calibration laboratories.
ISO 9001: 2000 sets out the requirements for a company's quality management systems. These standards range from manufacturing to services including design and development, production, installation and servicing. ISO 9001: 2000 standard have replaced the 1994 ISO 9000 standards.
ISO 17020 outlines the general requirements for the competence of inspection services providers, inspection bodies or inspectors. Inspection companies or qualified inspectors examine products, parts, equipment, services, installations, repairs and facilities to assure quality, consistency, condition and conformance to required standards and/or procedures.
The Japanese Accreditation Board (JAB) for conformity assessment was established in 1993 by Keidanren (Japan Federation of Economic Organizations). JAB developed and established third party conformity assessment schemes in Japan. JAB provides accreditation programs for testing and inspection bodies, certification bodies, training bodies and medical laboratories.
Laboratories are accredited as certifying bodies by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) to test products. METI accreditation allows a laboratory to perform EMC and safety testing necessary to obtain the mandatory S Mark certification for products sold in Japan. The new standards have been in place since August 2004 for Electrical Appliances and Materials, as defined under the DENAN Law, for products manufactured in or imported to Japan.
Notified or competent body accreditation indicates laboratories that are recognized for meeting the product testing requirements according to SWEDAC, EN, ISO, ISO/IEC or other European organizations or standards bodies.
Laboratory is an NRTL (recognized by OSHA, etc.) or agent or representative laboratory of an NRTL (qualified by the NRTL to perform tests). NRTL stands for Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory recognition. A part of OSHA’s Directorate of Science, Technology, and Medicine. The Program recognizes private sector organizations as NRTLs, and recognition signifies that an organization has met the necessary qualifications specified in the regulations for the Program. The NRTL determines that specific equipment and materials ("products") meet consensus-based standards of safety to provide the assurance, required by OSHA, that these products are safe for use in the U.S. workplace.
Raad voor Accreditatie (RvA) is the Dutch Accreditation Council. The RvA is the only accreditation body in the Netherlands that works in the public field. RvA provides accreditation programs for testing, calibration, inspection and laboratories as well as registrars or certification bodies.
The United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS) is the sole national accreditation body recognized by government of the United Kingdom to assess, against internationally agreed standards, organizations or bodies that provide quality system registration, certification, testing, inspection, calibration and proficiency testing.
Laboratories that are accredited or accepted by the VCCI test IT and telecommunications equipment to voluntary guidelines for emissions. The regulation of interference generated by computing devices is well established in Japan, but its implementation differs somewhat from that in other countries. Emissions control is performed on a voluntary basis, under the supervision of the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Information Technology Equipment (VCCI).
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